Influenza Vaccination Concerns Among Older Blacks: A Randomized Controlled Trial
published online 09 March 2009.
Context
Vaccination can decrease the morbidity and mortality caused by influenza, yet vaccination rates remain low, especially among minority groups. Previous studies have found that important barriers to vaccination include the fear of adverse reactions and concern that the vaccine causes influenza.
Background
This research aimed to assess the effects of messages designed to address concerns about the safety and effectiveness of vaccination among blacks aged ≥50 years.
Design
In a randomized controlled trial conducted in 2007 with pre-exposure and post-exposure measurements, participants were randomly assigned to read either the vaccine safety messages (VSM) developed for the study (treatment condition) or the vaccine information statement (VIS) currently given to those getting the vaccine (control condition).
Setting/participants
A total of 108 participants participated in the study. Data were collected in either participants' residences, community settings, or university conference rooms.
Main outcome measures
Influenza vaccine–related beliefs and intention to receive vaccination were assessed.
Results
Data analysis in 2007 and 2008 found that the randomization hypotheses of equal groups were retained. Participants exposed to the VSM showed greater improvement in post-exposure beliefs about how the vaccine works (p=0.0006) and the transmission of the flu (p=0.0034) as well as greater post-exposure disagreement with the belief that the vaccine causes influenza (p=0.0411).
Conclusions
The VSM affected beliefs about vaccine safety and effectiveness to a greater degree than did the VIS. These findings show that VSM are effective in changing beliefs empirically linked with influenza vaccination and vaccination disparities. The dissemination of VSM to older blacks may increase vaccination rates and reduce vaccination disparities.
aDepartment of Community Health, Saint Louis University School of Public Health, St. Louis, Missouri
bGeorge Warren Brown School of Social Work, St. Louis, Missouri
cHealth Communication Research Laboratory, St. Louis, Missouri
dAlvin J. Siteman Cancer Center and the Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
eNational Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Ricardo J. Wray, PhD, Department of Community Health, Saint Louis University School of Public Health, 3545 Lafayette Avenue, Room 457, St. Louis MO 63104
ABSTRACT